High inflation vs regional conflict: Which leads to higher adoption of Bitcoin and crypto?

Recent analyses indicate a significant positive correlation between rising inflation rates and increased crypto adoption worldwide. Countries experiencing high inflation are witnessing a surge in crypto usage as individuals seek alternatives to devaluing national currencies.
Data compiled from Trading Economics show that nations like Argentina, Turkey, and Venezuela, which face inflation rates of 237%, 49.38%, and 25.75%, respectively, have crypto ownership rates of 9.73%, 5.62%, and 10.30%. In contrast, countries with low inflation rates, such as Japan (3% inflation, 4.13% crypto ownership) and Switzerland (0.8% inflation, 2.02% crypto ownership), exhibit lower crypto adoption.
An analysis of the correlation between inflation rates and crypto ownership percentages yields a Pearson correlation coefficient of approximately 0.68, indicating a strong positive relationship. This suggests that as inflation rises, so does the rate of crypto adoption.

Country
Inflation Rate (%)
Crypto Ownership (%)

Argentina
237
9.73

Turkey
49.38
5.62

Venezuela
25.75
10.30

Nigeria
32.15
5.93

Japan
3
4.13

Switzerland
0.8
2.02

Australia
3.8
2.75

Inflation vs. Political Unrest
While political unrest has been considered a factor influencing crypto adoption, its impact appears less significant when inflation is accounted for. While there is a correlation in some regions when reviewing fatalities linked to political violence, the data is not globally consistent enough to identify a clear trend.
High Crypto Adoption & High Fatalities per Million

Ukraine: 10.57% crypto adoption; 1,618.80 fatalities per million.
Lebanon: 2.48% crypto adoption; 238.18 fatalities per million.
Somalia: 1.94% crypto adoption; 289.13 fatalities per million.

High Crypto Adoption & Low Fatalities per Million

Vietnam: 21.19% crypto adoption; 0.02 fatalities per million.
United States: 15.56% crypto adoption; 0.11 fatalities per million.
Philippines: 13.43% crypto adoption; 6.00 fatalities per million.

Low Crypto Adoption & High Fatalities per Million

Cameroon: 1.68% crypto adoption; 78.16 fatalities per million.
Ethiopia: 1.79% crypto adoption; 73.10 fatalities per million.

Average Crypto Ownership

Countries with High Fatalities per Million (>50): Average crypto adoption is approximately 3.38%.
Countries with Low Fatalities per Million (<1): Average crypto adoption is approximately 4.34%.

However, countries with higher individual instances of political unrest (including attacks against civilians, battles, and riots) per million do tend to have higher crypto adoption rates. However, the correlation is still insufficient to imply a direct causal relationship.

Country
Crypto Ownership (%)
Events
Population
Events per Million

Ukraine
10.57
53,288
36,744,634
1,449.74

United States
15.56
12,618
339,996,563
37.11

Vietnam
21.19
16
98,858,950
0.16

India
6.55
26,686
1,428,627,663
18.69

Brazil
11.99
9,240
216,422,446
42.71

Nigeria
5.93
5,408
223,804,632
24.17

Philippines
13.43
1,106
117,337,368
9.43

Russia
6.06
11,723
144,444,359
81.19

The data suggests a moderate positive correlation between the number of unrest events per million people and crypto adoption rates. Compared to the earlier analysis using fatalities, the number of events shows a stronger correlation.
A multiple regression analysis using crypto ownership as the dependent variable and inflation rate, events per million people, and fatalities per million people as independent variables shows that:

Inflation Rate: Statistically significant predictor (p-value < 0.01).
Events per Million People: Less significant when controlling for inflation.
Fatalities per Million People: Not significant when inflation is included.

Statistical analyses reveal that inflation rates are a stronger predictor of crypto usage than measures of political unrest, such as fatalities or the number of unrest events. This indicates that inflation is more critical in driving crypto adoption than political instability.
Not all countries align perfectly with this trend. For example, with a low inflation rate of 2.63%, Vietnam has a high crypto adoption rate of 21.19%. This suggests that other factors, such as technological adoption and remittance flows, also contribute to crypto usage.
Reasons Behind the Correlation
The strong correlation between inflation and crypto adoption can be attributed to several factors:

Hedge Against Currency Devaluation: In high-inflation economies, the local currency rapidly loses value. Cryptocurrencies offer an alternative store of value not tied to government policies or economic instability.
Distrust in Financial Institutions: High inflation often reflects economic mismanagement, leading to erosion of trust in traditional financial systems. Cryptocurrencies provide a decentralized alternative.
Access to Financial Services: Cryptocurrencies offer financial inclusion in regions with unreliable or inaccessible traditional banking services.

High inflation emerges as a critical driver, possibly more influential than political unrest. Individuals in countries with rapidly devaluing currencies are increasingly turning to cryptocurrencies to protect their wealth.
These findings highlight the importance of economic stability in financial behaviors. As inflation undermines the value of traditional currencies, cryptocurrencies become a viable alternative, reshaping financial landscapes in affected nations.
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